![]() ![]() Integrated Cognitive Assessment ( ICA) – an online tool where patients must quickly sort images into certain categories.Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE) – a test containing 30 questions that test a person's 'orientation' (understanding where they are and when this is taking place), attention, calculation (numeracy), memory and language.It also requires patients to draw a clock face as this tests their visuospatial functioning. General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition ( GPCOG) – a series of questions asked by a GP such as the date, recent news, and remembering addresses.Traditionally, these have been lengthy questionnaire-style tests, but are now evolving into quicker, more precise assessments. Lots of different cognitive tests have been developed. Cognitive tests are used to assess how much difficulty a person has and pinpoint the specific aspects of cognition that they may be struggling with. People with cognitive impairment have difficulty with one or more of these mental processes. Part of natural ageing is a limited amount of decline in cognitive abilities, but some conditions like dementia involve a more drastic deterioration. Cognitive is the adjective to describe these mental processes – for example, cognitive tests assess these thinking skills, and cognitive psychology is the study of cognition. It also covers more complex mental processes like decision-making, problem-solving and reasoning. Last but not least, 'thinking' is involved in all of the other forms of cognition. But this focus can lead to something called 'cognitive bias', where the brain is so occupied with one thing that it misses other things in the environment. 'Attention' is the ability to focus on one particular thing. Once something is learned, it must be encoded and stored so that it can be accessed later – that process is 'memory'. 'Learning' is the process of receiving new information and combining it with existing knowledge. 'Perception' is translating the information received from our senses into a multi-sensory view of our surroundings. The mental process 'language' refers to the skills involved in all forms of communication, from understanding others to articulating thoughts. These processes are not discrete abilities – they are a raft of different, interacting skills which together allow us to function as healthy adults. Cognition is a term for the mental processes that take place in the brain, including thinking, attention, language, learning, memory and perception. ![]()
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